{"id":9529,"date":"2026-04-30T07:00:19","date_gmt":"2026-04-30T10:00:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oexpressobr.com.br\/?p=9529"},"modified":"2026-04-30T07:00:21","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T10:00:21","slug":"a-resistencia-historica-de-floriano-peixoto-o-unico-presidente-a-ter-nomes-para-o-stf-rejeitados-pelo-senado","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/oexpressobr.com.br\/?p=9529","title":{"rendered":"A resist\u00eancia hist\u00f3rica de Floriano Peixoto: o \u00fanico presidente a ter nomes para o STF rejeitados pelo Senado"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

A indica\u00e7\u00e3o de magistrados para a Suprema Corte brasileira \u00e9, tradicionalmente, um rito de passagem marcado por sabatinas intensas, mas que raramente resulta em derrota para o Pal\u00e1cio do Planalto. No entanto, a hist\u00f3ria da Rep\u00fablica guarda um cap\u00edtulo singular: o governo de Floriano Peixoto (1891-1894)<\/strong>. O “Marechal de Ferro” det\u00e9m at\u00e9 hoje o recorde \u2014 e a exclusividade \u2014 de ter cinco indicados ao Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) rejeitados pelo Congresso Nacional.
Desde a consolida\u00e7\u00e3o da Rep\u00fablica, o Senado Federal funcionou quase como um “carimbador” das escolhas presidenciais. Mas, no final do s\u00e9culo XIX, o clima de tens\u00e3o pol\u00edtica e a queda de bra\u00e7o entre os poderes Executivo e Legislativo criaram o cen\u00e1rio perfeito para uma rebeli\u00e3o institucional que nunca mais se repetiu com tamanha contund\u00eancia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Os cinco nomes barrados pelo Senado<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Abaixo, detalhamos os perfis que n\u00e3o conseguiram o aval dos senadores durante o conturbado governo de Floriano Peixoto:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nome<\/th>Motivo principal da rejei\u00e7\u00e3o<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Barata Ribeiro<\/strong><\/td>M\u00e9dico de forma\u00e7\u00e3o, foi rejeitado por n\u00e3o possuir “not\u00e1vel saber jur\u00eddico”, requisito essencial para o cargo.<\/td><\/tr>
Innoc\u00eancio Galv\u00e3o de Queiroz<\/strong><\/td>Envolvido em disputas pol\u00edticas regionais e visto como um aliado excessivamente fiel ao Marechal.<\/td><\/tr>
Ewerton Quadros<\/strong><\/td>Militar de carreira, sua indica\u00e7\u00e3o foi lida como uma tentativa de militarizar a Corte.<\/td><\/tr>
Ant\u00f4nio S\u00e8ve Navarro<\/strong><\/td>Rejeitado em meio a uma crise de legitimidade do governo e forte oposi\u00e7\u00e3o parlamentar.<\/td><\/tr>
Demosthenes da Silveira Lobo<\/strong><\/td>Teve seu nome recusado pelo Senado em 1894, fechando o ciclo de derrotas de Floriano.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

O contexto da crise: o Marechal de Ferro vs. o Legislativo<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

O caso de Barata Ribeiro<\/strong> \u00e9 o mais emblem\u00e1tico. Ele chegou a ocupar a vaga por quase um ano antes de ter seu nome apreciado pelo Senado. Ao ser submetido \u00e0 vota\u00e7\u00e3o, os senadores decidiram que o fato de ele ser m\u00e9dico e n\u00e3o bacharel em Direito impedia sua perman\u00eancia no STF.
Essa postura do Senado n\u00e3o era apenas t\u00e9cnica, mas sim uma rea\u00e7\u00e3o ao estilo autorit\u00e1rio de Floriano Peixoto. Na \u00e9poca, o Brasil vivia o auge da Revolta da Armada<\/strong> e da Revolu\u00e7\u00e3o Federalista<\/strong>, e o Congresso buscava frear o poder centralizado do presidente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Por que isso n\u00e3o aconteceu mais?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Especialistas apontam que, ap\u00f3s a era Floriano, estabeleceu-se um “acordo de cavalheiros” ou uma defer\u00eancia pol\u00edtica. O presidente costuma sondar as lideran\u00e7as do Senado antes de oficializar uma indica\u00e7\u00e3o para evitar o desgaste p\u00fablico de uma rejei\u00e7\u00e3o.
Recentemente, nomes como Andr\u00e9 Mendon\u00e7a e Fl\u00e1vio Dino enfrentaram sabatinas longas e votos contr\u00e1rios expressivos, mas o sistema de pesos e contrapesos acabou validando as escolhas do Executivo. O recorde de Floriano Peixoto permanece, portanto, como uma cicatriz hist\u00f3rica de um per\u00edodo em que a independ\u00eancia entre os poderes foi testada ao limite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Nota do Redator:<\/strong> A exig\u00eancia de “not\u00e1vel saber jur\u00eddico” e “reputa\u00e7\u00e3o ilibada” continua sendo o pilar das indica\u00e7\u00f5es ao STF, garantindo que o epis\u00f3dio de um m\u00e9dico na Suprema Corte permane\u00e7a como uma curiosidade isolada do s\u00e9culo XIX.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A indica\u00e7\u00e3o de magistrados para a Suprema Corte brasileira \u00e9, tradicionalmente, um rito de passagem marcado por sabatinas intensas, mas que raramente resulta em derrota 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